Transmitter coils for contactless energy transmission systems with coupling enhancement and stray field reduction

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a transmitter coil ( 1, 1   a . . .    1   f ) for a contactless energy transmission system ( 8 ), comprising a winding ( 2 ) with a number of turns of at least one conductor. The winding ( 2 ) occupies a ring area ( 3 ) between an outer larger unequilateral rectangle ( 4 ) and an inner smaller unequilateral rectangle ( 5 ). The ring area ( 3 ) is wider on the longer side (x 1 ) of the outer rectangle ( 4 ) than it is on the shorter side (x 2 ) thereof. Moreover a transmitter ( 6 ) with such a transmitter coil ( 1, 1   a . . .    1   f ) is proposed, which comprises a number of conductors and a number of power supplies ( 7, 7   a,    7   b ) which can be switched and/or controlled independently of each other. Finally the invention also relates to an energy transmission system ( 8 ) with such a transmitter coil ( 1   a . . .    1   f )/such a transmitter ( 6 ) as well as a receiver coil ( 10 ) installed in a motor vehicle ( 9 ).

The invention relates to a transmitter coil for a contactless energy transmission system comprising a winding with several turns of at least one conductor. The winding occupies a ring area between an outer, larger, unequilateral rectangle and an inner, smaller, unequilateral rectangle. Further the invention relates to a transmitter with such a transmitter coil. Finally the invention relates to an energy transmission system with such a transmitter coil/such a transmitter as well as a receiver coil installed in a motor vehicle.

Contactless energy transmission systems for electric energy are known in principle. Using a transmitter coil a magnetic field is generated, which in an oppositely arranged receiver coil generates a current, which is used either directly for operating of an electrical device or for charging a battery.

In general efforts are directed at achieving an optimal coupling between the two coils or a low stray field which is emitted by the transmitter coil, in order to be able to transmit the energy efficiently. In addition such a system shall also be electromagnetically compatible. This applies, in particular, to the charging operation of electric cars, which should be highly efficient with respect to occurring outputs and which should not present much in the way of danger to people and animals present in the vicinity of motor vehicles. After all, strong electromagnetic fields straying over a large radius can represent a health risk to humans and animals.

Therefore it is a requirement of the invention to propose an improved transmitter coil, an improved transmitter and an improved energy transmission system. A particular aim is to improve the coupling between transmitter and receiver coil and to reduce the stray field coming from the transmitter coil as much as possible.

The requirement is met by the characteristics of the independent claims. Advantageous further developments are shown in the figures and cited in the dependent claims.

According to the invention the ring area of the transmitter coil on the longer side of the outer rectangle is wider than on the shorter side thereof.

That means that the width of the ring area between the inner and the outer rectangle is larger on the longer side of the outer rectangle than on the shorter side thereof. In other words, the difference in width between the inner and the outer rectangle is larger than the difference in height between the two.

According to the invention the transmitter of an energy transmission system includes a transmitter coil which advantageously comprises several conductors connected to several different power supplies and which can be switched and/or controlled independently of each other.

According to the invention the energy transmission system includes a transmitter coil or a transmitter of the kind mentioned above as well as a receiver coil installed in a motor vehicle/a motor vehicle with a receiver coil installed therein.

Finally, according to the invention a transmitter coil of the kind mentioned above is used for charging a battery arranged in a motor vehicle.

The proposed measures result in the coupling between transmitter coil and receiver coil being improved, and the emissions from the transmitter coil result in only a low stray field. Efficiency of the energy transmission is thus improved, which in particular is relevant for the transmission of large outputs, such as occurring for example, when an electric motor vehicle is being charged. A further aspect is the low stray field emitted by the transmitter coil which leads to the avoidance or definitely reduction in health risks caused by the electromagnetic field.

Moreover, in the case of a number of power supplies used, the power transmitted by the transmitter coil can be adjusted particularly well in that a random number of power supplies is operated. Where transmission outputs are small, losses during energy transmission can be kept low because unused power supplies can be switched off.

Generally coupling indicates the ratio between the magnetic flow emitted by the transmitter and the magnetic flow passing through the receiver and can by definition take on values between 0 and 1. The stray field is that part of the magnetic field emitted by the transmitter, which does not pass through the receiver coil.

The proposed contactless energy transmission system in particular does not include any magnetic cores touching one another during energy transmission. This means that during energy transmission there is a continuous air gap or that there are other materials with a permeability number μ_(r)<1.01 between the transmitter coil and the receiver coil. In applications for charging an electric motor vehicle the distance between transmitter and receiver can, in particular, lie between 10 mm and 250 mm.

With applications for charging an electric motor vehicle commonly used terms are “ground pad module” for the transmitter and “car pad module” for the receiver.

A winding is generally comprised of a number of turns of one or more conductors. Each conductor is thus wound about an angle of α>360°. The cross-section of a conductor across its extension is essentially constant/identical.

Further advantageous realisations and further developments of the invention are revealed in the sub-claims as well as in the description viewed in conjunction with the figures.

It is convenient if the turns of a winding in the corners of the ring area all comprise essentially the same radius. In this way the coupling with a receiver coil is especially intense/the stray field emitted by the transmitter coil is particularly low.

Furthermore it is convenient if adjacent turns of the winding, on the longer side of the outer rectangle, are at a greater distance from each other than on the shorter side thereof. In this way it is easy to produce different widths of the ring area occupied by the winding. It is of particular advantage if adjacent turns of the winding are spaced apart on the longer side of the outer rectangle and in contact with each other on the shorter side thereof. In this way the ring area on the shorter side of the outer rectangle becomes particularly narrow.

Furthermore it is advantageous if adjacent turns of the winding are in contact with each other both on the longer side and on the shorter side of the outer rectangle. In this way the transmitter coil has a particularly compact structure. In particular with superimposed layers turns in contact with each other are advantageous because this makes the transmitter coil mechanically very robust and therefore, with charging applications for electric motor vehicles, it can be driven over safely by such a vehicle. Moreover this means good thermal balancing between turns.

But it is also feasible that adjacent turns of the winding have the same distance from one another on both the longer and on the shorter side of the outer rectangle.

It is also particularly advantageous if the cross-section of at least one conductor of the winding is wider on the longer side of the outer rectangle than it is on the shorter side of outer rectangle. For a transmitter coil his represents a further elegant measure of providing different widths for the ring area occupied by the winding. For example, the conductor, on the shorter side of the outer rectangle, may be circular or square in shape, and on the longer side may be oval or rectangular. It is of particular advantage if the cross-section area of at least one conductor, on the longer side of the outer rectangle, is essentially equal to that on the shorter side of the outer rectangle. The transmitter coil can, for example, be produced in that the winding on the longer side of the outer rectangle is flattened.

In a further advantageous realisation of the transmitter coil the winding on the longer side of the outer rectangle comprises fewer layers than on the shorter side thereof, in particular half as many layers. For a transmitter coil this represents a further elegant measure of providing different widths for the ring area occupied by the winding. It is of particular advantage if the winding on the longer side of the outer rectangle is formed as a single layer, and as two layers on the shorter side thereof. The transmitter coil is then particularly flat. Insofar as the superimposed turns, on the narrow side of the outer rectangle, contact each other, the transmitter coil is mechanically extremely robust and can be safely driven over by a motor vehicle. In addition there is good thermal balancing within the winding in the area of superimposed layers.

It is also particularly advantageous if the winding comprises several conductors and in particular is configured so as to he bifilar. This is particularly convenient for the manufacture of a coil in which the number of layers on the narrow side is different from the number of layers on the long side of the outer rectangle. In addition a transmitter coil with several conductors in principle permits the use of several different power supplies which can be switched and controlled independently of each other. For example a transmitter coil with three conductors may be connected to three different power supplies, which can be switched and controlled independently of each other. In particular the winding on the shorter side of the outer rectangle may comprise three times as many layers as on the longer side thereof. With a bifilarly wound transmitter coil it is again of advantage if the winding on the longer side of the outer rectangle comprises half as many layers as on the shorter side thereof. In principle, however, the ratio between the different widths of the ring area occupied by the winding, is not tied to a certain number of conductors. This means that for example a winding with three conductors may also have half as many layers on the longer side of the outer rectangle (essentially) as it has on the shorter side. Vice versa, a bifilar winding may have three times as many layers on the shorter side of the outer rectangle as it has on the longer side thereof.

Furthermore it is particularly advantageous if the conductors of the winding in the corners of the ring area are twisted against each other by respectively 90°. This is particularly convenient the manufacture of a transmitter coil, in which the winding on the shorter side of the outer rectangle comprises more layers than on the longer side thereof.

It is particularly convenient if the conductors of the winding are twisted in alternating direction of rotation in each corner of the ring area. This enables the transmitter coil to be manufactured in a very simple manner.

But it is also advantageous if the conductors of the winding in each corner of the ring area are twisted in the same direction of rotation, respectively. This means that the two conductors of the winding are essentially of the same length and comprise the same inductivity. Moreover each conductor has the same mass on the side of the transmitter coil facing the receiver coil, and therefore has the same coupling to the receiver coil.

Generally it is of advantage if an inner circle inscribed in a cross-section of the at least one conductor lies in a range between 2 mm and 8 mm inclusively. Its a result the cross-section is well suited for guiding the currents habitually occurring when an electric car is being charged. The conductor may for example be circular, oval or rectangular in shape. If the cross-section is circular the said inner circle directly corresponds to the contour of the cross-section. A conductor with rectangular cross-section may, in particular, be 2 mm in height and 8 mm in width. The diameter of an inner circle in this case is 2 mm.

In general it is also of advantage if the longer side of the outer rectangle lies within a range of 400 mm to 800 mm inclusively and/or if the shorter side of the outer rectangle lies within a range of 200 mm to 600 mm inclusively. As a result the transmitter coil, as regards its dimension, is well suited for charging a battery in a motor vehicle.

At this point it should be pointed out that the disclosed variants of the transmitter coil and the resulting advantages apply in equal measure to the disclosed transmitter and the disclosed energy transmission system and vice versa.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention are revealed in the description below, where exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description may be essential to the invention both individually on their own and in random combination.

The list of reference symbols is part of the invention. The figures are described in relation to, and cross-referenced to, one another. Identical symbols indicate identical components, symbols with different indices indicate functionally identical or similar components.

In the drawing

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a rectangular transmitter coil;

FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1, but with conductors comprising a constant radius in the corners of the transmitter coil;

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a transmitter coil with bifilar winding with twisted conductors;

FIG. 4 is similar to FIG. 3, but with substantially parallel conductors;

FIG. 5 shows a top view of a rectangular transmitter coil, where the conductor is wider on the long side than on the narrow side;

FIG. 6 shows an oblique section through the long side of the coil shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 7 shows an oblique section through the narrow side of the coil shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows a transmitter with a transmitter coil with bifilar winding and two power supplies connected thereto, and

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary energy transmission system for a motor vehicle.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a transmitter coil 1 a for a contactless energy transmission system comprising a winding 2 with several turns of a conductor. The winding 2 occupies a ring area 3 between an outer, larger, unequilateral rectangle 4 and an inner, smaller, unequilateral rectangle 5. On the longer side x₁ the ring area 3 is wider than on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4. This means that x₁>x₂ and b₁>b₂. In other words this means that the difference in width between the inner rectangle 5 and the outer rectangle 4 is larger than the difference in height between the two. It is advantageous that with this arrangement the coupling to a receiver coil (not shown in FIG. 1) is improved and stray fields are reduced.

In FIG. 1 the conductor of winding 2 comprises a radius r, which varies in the corners of the ring area 3 as it increases towards the outside. However, this is not mandatory. Rather it is advantageous if the turns of winding 2 in the corners of ring area 3 all comprise substantially the same radius r, as is the case with the exemplary transmitter coil 1 b shown in FIG. 2. In this way the coupling can be further improved and the stray fields can also be further reduced.

The transmitter coils 1 a, 1 b shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have adjacent turns of the winding 2 on the longer side of the outer rectangle 4 and a larger distance from each other than on the shorter side thereof. In fact, adjacent turns of the winding 2 in the examples shown, comprise the distance y from each other on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 and touch each on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4. In principle it is also possible for adjacent turns of the winding 2 to be spaced apart on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4, thus advantageously comprising a distance from each other, which is <y.

A further feature of the transmitter coils 1 a, 1 b shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists in that they are of single-layer construction. Again, this is not a mandatory feature. Rather it is also feasible for them to be of multi-layer construction.

It is of particular advantage if the winding 2 on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 comprises fewer layers than on its shorter side x₂, in particular half as many layers. To this effect FIG. 3 shows an example, in which the winding 2 on the longer side of the outer rectangle 4 is single-layer and on the shorter side x₂ thereof is two-layer. This represents a particularly elegant way of providing the ring area 3 with different. widths b₁ and b₂.

Advantageously the winding 2 is of bifilar construction as shown in the example of FIG. 3. To this end the two conductors of the bifilar winding 2 are specifically twisted by 90° against each other in the corners of the ring area 3. Furthermore it is advantageous if twisting of the two conductors of the bifilar winding 2, as shown in FIG. 3, is effected using the same direction of rotation in each corner of the ring area 3. In this way the two conductors of the bifilar winding 2 are twisted against each other.

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged cross-section through the winding in the extension of the axes, respectively, wherein individual turns are marked with the letters A to H, in order to show their position in individual cross-sections. After a full 360° the turn A is marked with C, then with E and then with G. Correspondingly the turn B, after a full 360°, is marked with D, then with F and then with H, in order to unequivocally associate them in the sections.

Starting with the axis in the 3-oclock position, the turns A to H, starting from the inside, lie adjacent to each other in ascending order. In the 6-oclock-position the turn B lies on A, D lies on C, F lies on E and H lies on G. In the 9-oclock-position the turns lie alternately next to each other, i.e. from the inside in the order of B, A, D, C, F, E, H, G. In the 12-oclock position turn A lies on B, C on D, E on F and G on H.

Advantageously the two conductors of winding 2, with this kind of 90° rotation in the corners, have essentially the same length and the same inductivity because of the twisting created. thereby. Moreover each conductor is in equal measure on one side of the transmitter coil 1 d, which faces a receiver coil. As a result, both conductors comprise the same coupling to this receiver coil.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a transmitter coil 1 d, which is very similar to the transmitter coil 1 c shown in FIG. 3. The difference consists in that the two conductors of the bifilar winding 2 in each corner of the ring area 3, are twisted in an alternate direction of rotation. Seen overall, the two conductors in this embodiment are not twisted, but lie essentially next to each other, horizontally at one time and vertically at another time.

Starting with the axis in the 3-oclock position the turns A to H, beginning from the inside, again lie next to each other in ascending order. In the 6-oclock position the turn B lies on A, D lies on C, F lies on E and H lies on G. In the 9-oclock position the turns A to H, starting from the inside, lie again next to each other in ascending order, and in the 12-oclock position turn B lies again on A, D on C, F on E and H on G.

With the examples of the transmitter coils 1 c, 1 d shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, adjacent turns of winding 2 are in contact with each other on the longer side x₁ and on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4. It is of course also feasible that the turns are spaced apart from each other, in particular are at an equal distance from each other. In general good thermal balancing can take place within the winding 2 in the area of superimposed layers.

In the examples shown so far, the cross-section area of the one or more conductors of winding 2 on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 is essentially equal to that on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4. This is advantageous but not mandatory. Rather it is equally feasible that the cross-section area on the longer side x₁ varies in size from that on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4.

In the examples shown up to now the shape of the cross-section area on the longer side x₂ is also equal to that on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4. In a further advantageous embodiment of a transmitter coil, however, the cross-section Q of the at least one conductor of winding 2 is wider on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 than on the shorter side x₂.

To this effect an example of a transmitter coil 1 e is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, with FIG. 5 showing a top view, FIG. 6 showing an oblique section through the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4, and FIG. 7 showing an oblique section through the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4. FIGS. 5 to 7 reveal that the cross-section Q of the conductor of winding 2 is wider and flatter on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 than on the shorter side x₂. In particular the cross-section Q is square on the shorter side x₂ and rectangular on the longer side x₁. For example the winding 2 on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 may be flattened, for example with the aid of a press. It is also possible to have circular cross-sections Q on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 and oval cross-sections on the longer side x₁ thereof.

As regards the size of a transmitter coil 1 a to 1 e, it is generally of advantage, if the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 lies within a range of 400 mm to 800 mm inclusively and/or the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4 lies within a range of 200 mm to 600 mm inclusively. For the size of the cross-section Q is generally of advantage if an inner circle inscribed in the cross-section Q of the conductor lies within a range of 2 mm to 8 mm inclusively. If the cross-section is circular, then the said inner circle directly corresponds to the contour of the cross-section. A conductor with rectangular cross-section may be in particular 2 mm in height and 8 mm in width. The diameter of the inner circle is 2 mm in this case.

FIG. 8 shows a transmitter 6 with a transmitter coil 1 f, where the two conductors of a bifilar winding are connected to two different power supplies 7 a, 7 b, which can be switched and/or controlled independently of each other. In this way the power output transmitted via the transmitter coil 1 f can be adjusted well in that either only one, or both power supplies 7 a, 7 b are operated. By switching one of the two supplies 7 a, 7 b of, losses for small transmission outputs can be kept low.

For simplicity's sake the principle of using a number of conductors was shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 8 for only one bifilar winding 2. But the technical teaching can, of course, also be applied to a different number of conductors. For example four power supplies may be connected to a transmitter coil with four conductors. The four conductors may be configured, analogously to the transmitter coils 1 c, 1 d shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, as single-layer conductors on the longer side x₁ of the outer rectangle 4 and as a four-layer conductors on the shorter side x₂ thereof. Such a fixed pre-set ratio between the number of layers on the longer side x₁ and the number of layers on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4 by means of the number of conductors is, however, not mandatory. A transmitter coil with a number of conductors may, in principle, comprise any random ratio between the number of layers on the longer side x₁ and the number of layers on the shorter side x₂ of the outer rectangle 4.

FIG. 9 finally shows an energy transmission system 8 with a transmitter coil 1/a transmitter 6 and a receiver coil 10 installed in a motor vehicle 9. Electric energy coming from. the power supply 7 is transmitted with the aid of a transmitter coil 1 to the receiver coil 10, where it is rectified with the aid of a rectifier 12 and finally used for charging a battery 11 arranged in the motor vehicle 9. In this way an electric vehicle can be contactlessly charged.

Any of the transmitter coils 1 a to 1 f, respectively combinations of the shown embodiments, can generally be used for the arrangements shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Due to the proposed measures the stray fields created thereby in the vicinity of the vehicle 9 are advantageously low, and energy transmission is effected at only small losses.

It should also be noted at this point that the proposed measures can be combined at random. For example the transmitter coil 1 e in FIGS. 5 to 7 may also comprise features, which were described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. Also a transmitter coil 1 c, 1 d shown in FIGS. 3 to 4 may comprise features which were described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2, and so on.

In conclusion it should also be noted that the arrangements shown may, in practice, comprise more components than shown and that their illustration may possibly look distorted. Furthermore, it should be noted that the above described designs and further developments of the invention can be combined in a random manner.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

1, 1 a . . . 1 f transmitter coil

2 winding

3 ring area

4 outer rectangle

5 inner rectangle

6 transmitter

7, 7 a, 7 b power supply

8 energy transmission system

9 motor vehicle

10 receiver coil

11 battery

12 rectifier

A . . . H turn

b₁ width of ring area for x₁

b₂ width of ring area for x₂

Q cross-section of conductor

R radius of conductor

x₁ length of outer rectangle

x₂ width of outer rectangle

y distance between conductors 

1. A transmitter coil (1, 1 a, . . . 1 f) for a contactless energy transmission system (8), comprising a winding (2) with a number of turns of at least one conductor, which occupies a ring area (3) between an outer larger unequilateral rectangle (4) and an inner smaller unequilateral rectangle (5), characterised in that the ring area (3) is wider on the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) than on the shorter side (x₂) thereof.
 2. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 1, characterised in that the turns of the winding (2) in the corners of the ring area (3) all comprise essentially the same radius (r).
 3. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that adjacent turns of the winding (2) are at a larger distance from each other on the longer side of the outer rectangle (4) than on the shorter side thereof.
 4. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that adjacent turns of the winding (2) are spaced apart from each other on the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) and in contact with each other on the shorter side (x₂) thereof.
 5. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that adjacent turns of the winding (2), on the longer side (x₁) and on the shorter side (x₂) of the outer rectangle (4), are all essentially at the same distance from each other or in contact with each other.
 6. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the cross-section (Q) of the at least one conductor of the winding (2) is wider on the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) than on the shorter side (x₂) of the outer rectangle (4).
 7. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 6, characterised in that the cross-section area of the at least one conductor of the winding (2) on the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) is essentially the same size as on the shorter side (x₂) of the outer rectangle (4).
 8. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the winding (2) on the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) has fewer layers than on the shorter side (x₂) thereof.
 9. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 8, characterised in that in that the winding (2) on the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) is of single-layer construction and on the shorter side (x₂) thereof is of two-layer construction.
 10. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the winding (2) comprises a number of conductors.
 11. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 10, characterised in that the conductors of the winding (2) are twisted against each other by 90° respectively, in the corners of the ring area (3).
 12. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 11, characterised in that the conductors of the winding (2), in each corner of the ring area (3), are twisted in alternate directions of rotation, respectively.
 13. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to claim 11, characterised in that the conductors of the winding (2), in each corner of the ring area (3), are twisted in the same direction of rotation, respectively.
 14. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that an inner circle inscribed in a cross-section (Q) of at least one conductor lies within a range of 2 mm to 8 mm inclusively.
 15. The transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the longer side (x₁) of the outer rectangle (4) lies within a range of 400 mm to 800 mm inclusively and/or the shorter side (x₂) of the outer rectangle (4), lies within a range of 200 mm to 600 mm inclusively.
 16. A transmitter (6) of an energy transmission system (8) comprising a transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterised in that the conductors of the winding (2) are connected to several different power supplies (7, 7 a, 7 b) which can be switched and/or controlled independently of one another.
 17. An energy transmission system (8), characterised by a transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 15 or a transmitter (6) according to claim 16 as well as a receiver coil (10) installed in a motor vehicle (9).
 18. The energy transmission system (8) according to claim 17, characterised by a transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 15 or a transmitter (6) according to claim 16 as well as motor vehicle (9) with a receiver coil (10) installed therein.
 19. A use of a transmitter coil (1, 1 a . . . 1 f) according to one of claims 1 to 15 or a transmitter (6) according to claim 16 for charging a battery (11) arranged in a motor vehicle (9). 